Luke 15:31 And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine.
The one, however, said to him, "Child, you yourself at all time with me are and all these mine, yours. It is. [To be cheered, however, and to be welcomed there is a need.]
The Greek of the last part of this verse is interesting because it has a plural subject taking a singular verb, which is common in Greek but uncommon in Jesus's words. The Greek verse is a little different than the KJV because it also includes the first part of the next KJV.
The Greek word translated as "and" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
The word translated as "he" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
"Said" is from the Greek verb that means "to say" and "to speak" also.
The word translated as "unto him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
The word translated as "child" means "child" but in the most general sense of "offspring." Christ does not use it to refer specifically to children under seven, which is another term. See this article more about these words for "child."
"Thou" is the Greek second-person pronoun means "you" in the form of a subject. However, since the Greek verb contains the same information, the only reason it is used is to emphasize it, like we would say "you yourself" in English.
The verb "art" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.
The word translated as "always" means "at all times" and it is the equivalent of our word "always".
"With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of". It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
"Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".
The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as".
The word translated as "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every," and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything." It is plural, neutral, so "all things".
The word translated as "that" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. It is plural, neutral as well.
"I have" is the regular first-person adjective in Greek indicating possession, so "mine", "of me", "my", "relating to me," and "against me." It is the verb "to have".
The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. However, the verb form is singular not plural. In Greek, a plural neutral subject can take a singular verb. However, it is something we don't see very often in Jesus's words.
ὁ (article sg masc nom) "He" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
δὲ (conj/adv) "And" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). --
εἶπεν (verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Said" is eipon, which means "to speak", "to say", "to recite", "to address", "to mention", "to name", "to proclaim", "to plead", "to promise," and "to offer."
αὐτῷ (adj sg masc dat) "Unto him" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
Τέκνον, (noun sg neut voc) "Child" is teknon, which means "that which is born", "child," and "the young."
σὺ (pron 2nd sg nom) "Thou" is su which means "you" and "your."
πάντοτε (adverb) "Always" is from pantote), which means "always," "at all time", and literally breaks down to "all then." "All" is from pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds," and "anything." In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way," and "altogether." "Then" is from tote, which means "at that time" and "then."
μετ᾽ (prep) "With" is meta, which means "with", "in the midst of", "among", "between", "in common", "along with", "by the aid of", "in one's dealings with", "into the middle of", "coming into", "in pursuit of", "after", "behind", "according to," "after", "behind", and "next afterward."
ἐμοῦ (noun sg masc gen) "Me" is emou, which means "me", and "mine".
εἶ, (verb 2nd sg pres ind act) "Art" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen", and "is possible." (The future form is esomai. The 3rd person present indicative is "esti.")
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
πάντα (adj pl neut nom) "All" is pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds," and "anything." In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way," and "altogether."
τὰ (article) "That" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
ἐμὰ (adj sg masc nom) "I have" is emos, which means "mine", "of me", "my", "relating to me," and "against me."
σά (adj pl neut nom) "Thine" is sos, which means "thy", "thine" "of thee," or "from thee."
ἐστιν: (verb 3rd sg pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen", and "is possible." (The future form is esomai. The 3rd person present indicative is "esti.")
The next part of the Greek is translated in the next verse in the KJV so we discuss it in the next article.
εὐφρανθῆναι [uncommon] (verb aor inf pass) "That we should make merry" is euphraino, which means "cheer", "gladden", and in the passive, "make merry", "enjoy oneself". warehouse. These three parables have a lot of uncommon features for Jesus's parables and this word is one of them. It is in the form of an infinitive.
δὲ (conj/adv) Untranslated is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just." -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as".
χαρῆναι (verb aor inf pass) "Be glad" is chairo which means "rejoice", "take pleasure in," and "welcome." -- The Greek verb translated as "rejoice" means "rejoice", "take pleasure in," and "welcome."
ἔδει, (verb 3rd sg imperf ind act) "It is meet" is from, dei, which means "needful," and "there is need." -- The Greek verb translated as "ye ought" is a special verb that means "it is needful," and "there is a need." It is always singular referring to a specific moment in the past, present, or future. It works something like our word "must" but its form is fixed. So there is no "you" in this verb, just necessity itself.